Benjamin Cardozo Quotations

The prophet and the martyr do not see the hooting throng. Their eyes are fixed on the eternities.

The constant assumption runs throughout the law that the natural and spontaneous evolutions of habit fix the limits of right and wrong.

Freedom of expression is the matrix, the indispensable condition, of nearly every other form of freedom.

The judge is not the knight-errant, roaming at will in pursuit of his own ideal of beauty or of goodness.

Justice is not to be taken by storm. She is to be wooed by slow advances.

History or custom or social utility or some compelling sense of justice or sometimes perhaps a semi-intuitive apprehension of the pervading spirit of our law must come to the rescue of the anxious judge and tell him where to go.

Membership in the bar is a privilege burdened with conditions.

I take judge-made law as one of the existing realities of life.

Law never is, but is always about to be.

Prophecy, however honest, is generally a poor substitute for experience.

There are vogues and fashions in jurisprudence as in literature and art and dress.

Method is much, technique is much, but inspiration is even more.

There is in each of us a stream of tendency, whether you choose to call it philosophy or not, which gives coherence and direction to thought and action. Judges cannot escape that current any more than other mortals.

Due process is a growth too sturdy to succumb to the infection of the least ingredient of error.

With traps and obstacles and hazards confronting us on every hand, only blindness or indifference will fail to turn in all humility, for guidance or for warning, to the study of examples.

The repetition of a catchword can hold analysis in fetters for fifty years or more.

It is for ordinary minds, not for psychoanalysts, that our rules of evidence are framed. They have their source very often in considerations of administrative convenience, or practical expediency, and not in rules of logic.

Expediency may tip the scales when arguments are nicely balanced.

Inaction without more is not tantamount to choice.

Danger invites rescue. ... The wrongdoer may not have foreseen the coming of a deliverer. He is accountable as if he had.

Not honesty alone, but the punctilio of an honor the most sensitive, is then the standard of behavior.

The difference is no less real because it is of degree.

The great generalities of the constitution have a content and a significance that vary from age to age.

The great tides and currents which engulf the rest of men do not turn aside in their course and pass the judges by.

In our worship of certainty we must distinguish between the sound certainty and the sham, between what is gold and what is tinsel; and then, when certainty is attained, we must remember that it is not the only good; that we can buy it at too high a price; that there is danger in perpetual quiescence as well as in perpetual motion; and that a compromise must be found in a principle of growth.

We seek to find peace of mind in the word, the formula, the ritual. The hope is illusion.

The heroic hours of life do not announce their presence by drum and trumpet.

The validity of a tax depends upon its nature, and not upon its name.

Code is followed by commentary, and commentary by revision, and thus the task is never done.

The risk to be percieved defines the duty to be obeyed.

The heroic hours of life do not announce their presence by drum and trumpet, challenging us to be true to ourselves by appeals to the martial spirit that keeps the blood at heat. Some little, unassuming, unobtrusive choice presents itself before us slyly and craftily, glib and insinuating, in the modest garb of innocence. . . . Then it is that you will be summoned to show the courage of adventurous youth.

Fraud includes the pretense of knowledge when knowledge there is none.

Rest and motion, unrelieved and unchecked, are equally destructive.

In truth, I am nothing but a plodding mediocrity — please observe, a plodding mediocrity — for a mere mediocrity does not go very far, but a plodding one gets quite a distance. There is joy in that success, and a distinction can come from courage, fidelity and industry.

Opinion has a significance proportioned to the sources that sustain it.

What has once been settled by a precedent will not be unsettled overnight, for certainty and uniformity are gains not lightly sacrificed. Above all is this true when honest men have shaped their conduct on the faith of the pronouncement.

Consequences cannot alter statutes, but may help to fix their meaning.

Justice, though due to the accused, is due the accuser also. The concept of fairness cannot be strained till it is narrowed to a filament. We are to keep our balance true.

Justice is not to be taken by storm. She is to be wooed by slow advances. Substitute statute for decision, and you shift the center of authority, but add no quota of inspired wisdom.

More truly characteristic of dissent is a dignity, an elevation, of mood and thought and phrase. Deep conviction and warm feeling are saying their last say with knowledge that the cause is lost. The voice of the majority may be that of force triumphant, content with the plaudits of the hour, and recking little of the morrow. The dissenter speaks to the future, and his voice is pitched to a key that will carry through the years.

History, in illuminating the past, illuminates the present, and in illuminating the present, illuminates the future.

As I search the archives of my memory I seem to discern six types or methods [of judicial writing] which divide themselves from one another with measurable distinctness. There is the type magisterial or imperative; the type laconic or sententious; the type conversational or homely; the type refined or artificial, smelling of the lamp, verging at times upon preciosity or euphuism; the demonstrative or persuasive; and finally the type tonsorial or agglutinative, so called from the shears and the pastepot which are its implements and emblem.

The Constitution was framed upon the theory that the peoples of the several states must sink or swim together, and that in the long run prosperity and salvation are in union and not division.

The final cause of law is the welfare of society.

The great ideals of liberty and equality are preserved against the assaults of opportunism, the expediency of the passing hour, the erosion of small encroachments, the scorn and derision of those who have no patience with general principles.

In the end the great truth will have been learned that the quest is greater than what is sought, the effort finer that the prize (or rather, that the effort is the prize), the victory cheap and hollow were it not for the rigor of the game.

Consequences cannot alter statues, but may help to fix their meaning.

Existing rules and principles can give us our present location, our bearings, our latitude and longitude. The inn that shelters for the night is not the journey's end. The law, like the traveler, must be ready for the morrow. It must have a principle of growth.