The opportunities that Gorbachev created for international relations have also been missed, perhaps even lost - here, however, primarily because of the United States.
Twenty years later, then, little, if anything, is left of the historic opportunities Gorbachev opened up for his country and the world.
The essential meaning of perestroika for Gorbachev and his supporters was creating and acting on alternatives to failed and dangerous policies at home and abroad.
The cost of acquiring new customers and maintaining those relationships in an online environment versus bricks and mortar is significant.
There remains, however, the hope, at least in Russia, that, as sometimes happens in history, the memory of lost alternatives will one day inspire efforts to regain them.